Faculty of Environment

Fire is a phenomenon occurs in most parts of the world and causes severe financial losses and sometimes, irreparable damages. Many parameters are involved in the occurrence of a fire; some of which are constant over time (at least in a fire cycle), but the others are dynamic and vary over time. Unlike the earthquake, the disturbance of fire depends on a set of physical, chemical, and biological relations. Monitoring the changes to predict the occurrence of fire is efficient in forest management. Method: In this research, the Persian and English databases were structurally searched using the keywords of fire risk modeling, fire risk, fire risk prediction, and remote sensing and the reviewed papers that reviewed predicted the fire risk in the field of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System were retrieved. Then, the modeling and zoning data of fire risk prediction were extracted and analyzed in a descriptive manner. Accordingly, the study was conducted in 1995-2017. Findings: FuzzyAnalytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) zoning method was more practical among the applied methods and the plant moisture stress measurement was the most efficient among the remote sensing indices. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that RS and GIS are an effective tool in the study of fire risk prediction.

The national gas transmission Ahar – Duzduzan, transmit fresh gas in the West north of
Iran. According to Iran’s environmental regulation, construction and operation of pipelines is required
EIA studies. Due to this linear project it is required to develop a particular EIA methodology on
this kind of projects. Therefore at first we attempted to get a real knowledge about environmental
endnotes of project with library and field studies. Along with reviewing the technical resources of
the project, attempted to identify all of the construction and operation activities. Finally two methods
of explanatory checklist and simplified matrix selected for EIA. In The construction phase 19 micro
activities have evaluated in front of about 12 environmental factors (in the various environments). In
the construction phase, activities such as; excavation, embankment and excavation show the greatest
negative impact on the whole environment of area. And the most important activity with positive
effects on the aforementioned factors is manpower recruitment. Also In the operation phase 15 micro
activities have evaluated in front of about 15 environmental factors (in the various environments). In
the Operation phase activities such as; grazing, vehicle traffic and wastewater production can have
negative effects. Most positive impacts on environmental factors are revenue and welfare, employment
levels, commerce and manning activities, immigration control and air quality. Most of the Operation
phase effects are positive which involve; exploitation of gas or natural gas transportation and gas
pipeline monitoring. According to the developed methodology it is necessary to use RS and GIS
tools in the study current environment situation, routing environmental alternatives and make land
use maps of transmission path. With regard to all issues presented in explanatory checklist of this
project and also previous clauses from the standpoint of environmental compliance provisions there isn’t any problem for implementation.

The national gas transmission Ahar – Duzduzan, transmit fresh gas in the West north of Iran. According to Iran’s environmental regulation, construction and operation of pipelines is required EIA studies. Due to this linear project it is required to develop a particular EIA methodology on this kind of projects. Therefore at first we attempted to get a real knowledge about environmental endnotes of project with library and field studies. Along with reviewing the technical resources of the project, attempted to identify all of the construction and operation activities. Finally two methods of explanatory checklist and simplified matrix selected for EIA. In The construction phase 19 micro activities have evaluated in front of about 12 environmental factors (in the various environments). In the construction phase, activities such as; excavation, embankment and excavation show the greatest negative impact on the whole environment of area. And the most important activity with positive effects on the aforementioned factors is manpower recruitment. Also In the operation phase 15 micro activities have evaluated in front of about 15 environmental factors (in the various environments). In the Operation phase activities such as; grazing, vehicle traffic and wastewater production can have negative effects. Most positive impacts on environmental factors are revenue and welfare, employment levels, commerce and manning activities, immigration control and air quality. Most of the Operation phase effects are positive which involve; exploitation of gas or natural gas transportation and gas pipeline monitoring. According to the developed methodology it is necessary to use RS and GIS tools in the study current environment situation, routing environmental alternatives and make land use maps of transmission path. With regard to all issues presented in explanatory checklist of this project and also previous clauses from the standpoint of environmental compliance provisions there isn’t any problem for implementation.

AbSTrACT The national gas transmission Ahar – Duzduzan, transmit fresh gas in the West north of Iran. According to Iran's environmental regulation, construction and operation of pipelines is required EIA studies. Due to this linear project it is required to develop a particular EIA methodology on this kind of projects. Therefore at first we attempted to get a real knowledge about environmental endnotes of project with library and field studies. Along with reviewing the technical resources of the project, attempted to identify all of the construction and operation activities. Finally two methods of explanatory checklist and simplified matrix selected for EIA. In The construction phase 19 micro activities have evaluated in front of about 12 environmental factors (in the various environments). In the construction phase, activities such as; excavation, embankment and excavation show the greatest negative impact on the whole environment of area. And the most important activity with positive effects on the aforementioned factors is manpower recruitment. Also In the operation phase 15 micro activities have evaluated in front of about 15 environmental factors (in the various environments). In the Operation phase activities such as; grazing, vehicle traffic and wastewater production can have negative effects. Most positive impacts on environmental factors are revenue and welfare, employment levels, commerce and manning activities, immigration control and air quality. Most of the Operation phase effects are positive which involve; exploitation of gas or natural gas transportation and gas pipeline monitoring. According to the developed methodology it is necessary to use RS and GIS tools in the study current environment situation, routing environmental alternatives and make land use maps of transmission path. With regard to all issues presented in explanatory checklist of this project and also previous clauses from the standpoint of environmental compliance provisions there isn't any problem for implementation.

Because of the current high extinction rate of species, it is necessary to select areas more efficiently for the conservation
of threatened wildlife species. We postulate that part of the failure in wildlife conservation efforts in Iran is related to
shortage of funds, incomplete data, lack of experts, and perhaps inefficient selection of reserve networks. Most natural reserves in Iran are selected on an ad-hoc basis or at best through consideration of the general IUCN criteria for threatened species. In cases where these areas are remote and inaccessible, the reserve network selection problems are further complicated and the fate of the protected areas and their species becomes more uncertain. On the other hand, as yet there has been no systematic and official evaluation of the efficiency of the current reserves in Iran. This study, the first effort in Iran to evaluate the efficiency of the current nature reserve system in Golestan Province, tries to offer a way of circumventing problems, at least to some extent. In our case study, we chose those wildlife species that belong to the Artiodactyla order because of their high extinction rates through habitat destruction and hunting. We use multi-criteria evaluation to provide a habitat suitability map of the species. Then, using Marxan, we optimize site selection for protected areas and show that the present reserves are insufficient to protect even 20% of the suitable habitats of the
selected species. We run Marxan again to complement these reserves with the aim of conserving at least 20% of species
in Golestan Province. Our results show that to achieve the new conservation target, another 272 km2 must be added to
the current reserve system of the province. These areas are mainly located in the north and south west of Jahannama
protected area and Golestan National Park, respectively.